{"id":2168,"date":"2025-01-23T11:51:11","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T10:51:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/?page_id=2168"},"modified":"2025-05-23T10:51:36","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T08:51:36","slug":"a-propos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/a-propos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 propos"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2168\" class=\"elementor elementor-2168\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cadc1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cadc1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8bbd047\" data-id=\"8bbd047\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2800e9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2800e9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tudier la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93a58b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93a58b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab63f84 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"ab63f84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;300&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaf0bd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aaf0bd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Notre questionnement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c45338 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c45338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Longtemps per\u00e7ue comme une mesure marginale et limit\u00e9e \u00e0 certains petits r\u00e9seaux de transport, la gratuit\u00e9 totale des transports en commun se d\u00e9veloppe depuis les ann\u00e9es 2000 vers des r\u00e9seaux de plus en grands tels qu\u2019Aubagne en 2009 et Dunkerque en 2018. Depuis fin 2023, la mesure a \u00e9t\u00e9 instaur\u00e9e pour les habitantes et habitants de la M\u00e9tropole de Montpellier, qui devient la plus grande M\u00e9tropole europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 mettre en place cette mesure.<\/p><p>La gratuit\u00e9 totale des transports en commun suscite cependant une vive opposition de la plupart des groupes d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats du transport (GART, UTP, FNTV, FNAUT, etc.) et des expertes et experts. Ces derniers l&rsquo;accusent d\u2019\u00eatre inefficace pour convaincre les automobilistes de prendre les transports en commun. Ils craignent qu\u2019elle ne conduise \u00e0 la paup\u00e9risation du secteur des transports.\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: transparent\">Cette opposition interpelle d\u2019autant plus qu\u2019elle se manifeste avec une grande unanimit\u00e9 parmi les diff\u00e9rents acteurs du transport.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3674554\" data-id=\"3674554\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc18610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"cc18610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:&quot;3000&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carrousel d\u2019images\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 sur 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/ipsd4z55-rw.jpg\" alt=\"blue and black bus seats\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 sur 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/rlhi0ccnthy.jpg\" alt=\"a blue bus driving down a street next to a tall building\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2a5ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2a5ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2022 Pourquoi existe-t-il une opposition si forte \u00e0 la gratuit\u00e9 totale des transports en commun ?<\/strong><br \/><strong>\u2022 Pourquoi, malgr\u00e9 cette opposition, la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun se d\u00e9veloppe-t-elle ?<\/strong><br \/><strong>\u2022 Comment la mesure est-elle localement mise en place ou au contraire rejet\u00e9e ?<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d55a11f elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d55a11f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25e72ac\" data-id=\"25e72ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b677818 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b677818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nos m\u00e9thodes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b453af1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"b453af1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:&quot;3000&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:&quot;600&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carrousel d\u2019images\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 sur 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/bei71vxm7k8.jpg\" alt=\"trains on road going into and out of the tunnel\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 sur 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/8x6ffud7bk.jpg\" alt=\"train station\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-84c5d1a elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"84c5d1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;300&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef05dc6 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef05dc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comprendre l\u2019opposition \u00e0 la gratuit\u00e9 totale des transports en commun<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72aca07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72aca07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions, nous \u00e9tudions comment les acteurs clefs du transport se positionnent vis-\u00e0-vis de la gratuit\u00e9 totale des transports en commun au regard de leur parcours professionnel, de leur mani\u00e8re d\u2019analyser la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun et des interactions entre eux. Nous \u00e9tudions \u00e9galement la trajectoire locale de la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun dans des territoires ayant fait le choix de rejeter la mesure (\u00cele-de-France et Paris, Lyon) ou de la mettre en place (Montpellier).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-48e89d1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48e89d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d278b06\" data-id=\"d278b06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1358eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e1358eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"828\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2318\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image1.png 828w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image1-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cb44c0\" data-id=\"3cb44c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f873dce elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f873dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Analyse prosopographique d\u2019acteurs clefs du transport<\/strong> <br \/>\u00c9tude de la trajectoire de carri\u00e8re d\u2019acteurs clefs (expert\u00b7e\u00b7s, cadres d\u2019AOM, op\u00e9rateurs ou groupes d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats) pour identifier les trajectoires professionnelles du transport.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a77ab89 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a77ab89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1603033\" data-id=\"1603033\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b77767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9b77767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"939\" height=\"882\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2319\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image2.png 939w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image2-300x282.png 300w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image2-768x721.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a990510\" data-id=\"a990510\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be7da48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be7da48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><tbody><tr><td width=\"571\"><p><strong>Analyse des rapports sur la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br \/><\/strong>\u00c9tude de l\u2019\u00e9valuation de la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun dans diff\u00e9rents rapports locaux et dans les rapports produits par les groupes d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2a85c5 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2a85c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a83d7a5\" data-id=\"a83d7a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f53fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2f53fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"857\" height=\"857\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2320\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image3.png 857w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image3-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 857px) 100vw, 857px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-11217a3\" data-id=\"11217a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eedc954 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eedc954\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Analyse des interactions entre les acteurs\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br \/><\/strong>R\u00e9alisation d\u2019entretiens avec des acteurs clefs du transport et participation \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements en lien avec le transport.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-83aef65 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83aef65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cab288\" data-id=\"1cab288\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a79ee6d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a79ee6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9053f1\" data-id=\"d9053f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-827b83f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"827b83f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"873\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2323\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image5.png 761w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image5-262x300.png 262w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ce8f9a\" data-id=\"8ce8f9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49ce208 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49ce208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><tbody><tr><td width=\"571\"><p><strong>Analyse de la presse\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br \/><\/strong>R\u00e9colte et analyse non automatique de la presse relative \u00e0 la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun sur un territoire.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ed524f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ed524f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1734044\" data-id=\"1734044\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9e39a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b9e39a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"882\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image7.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2324\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image7.png 1000w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image7-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image7-768x677.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dad704\" data-id=\"7dad704\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-465af2e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"465af2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Analyse de la litt\u00e9rature grise et des comptes-rendus d\u2019assembl\u00e9e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br \/><\/strong>Recueil et \u00e9tude de la litt\u00e9rature grise produite sur la gratuit\u00e9 et analyse des comptes-rendus des assembl\u00e9es (conseils r\u00e9gional, m\u00e9tropolitain, etc.).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0054002 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0054002\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-efa8857\" data-id=\"efa8857\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e90532 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e90532\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"888\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image6.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2325\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image6.png 837w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image6-283x300.png 283w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image6-768x815.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-184e7f1\" data-id=\"184e7f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-274d868 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"274d868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Entretien\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br \/><\/strong>R\u00e9alisation d\u2019entretiens semi-directifs avec des personnes ayant particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la fabrique de la politique publique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ca0017 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"5ca0017\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:&quot;300&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a2e21e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a2e21e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9tudier les trajectoires locales de la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3357213 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3357213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En nous appuyant sur une approche processuelle, nous d\u00e9cryptons les m\u00e9canismes complexes qui m\u00e8nent aux d\u00e9cisions : d\u00e9fendre la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun, rejeter la mesure ou l\u2019hybrider en proposant des gratuit\u00e9s partielles (le week-end, pour les jeunes, etc.). Nous montrons le r\u00f4le sp\u00e9cifique de l\u2019expertise dans la fabrique de cette politique publique de transports. Notre recherche ne se limite pas \u00e0 une simple \u00e9tude des d\u00e9cisions politiques, puisque nous nous int\u00e9ressons aussi aux interactions entre les acteurs et aux \u00e9valuations locales de la gratuit\u00e9, d\u00e9voilant ainsi les enjeux de pouvoir, les alliances strat\u00e9giques, et les discours fa\u00e7onnant les politiques de transport en France.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-954c961 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"954c961\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bdfcd76\" data-id=\"bdfcd76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38ca4e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"38ca4e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1026\" height=\"838\" src=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image4.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2322\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image4.png 1026w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image4-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image4-1024x836.png 1024w, https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/02\/Image4-768x627.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e1adf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e1adf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8227b61\" data-id=\"8227b61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-12a5e63 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12a5e63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-54063d4\" data-id=\"54063d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0a142 elementor-headline--style-highlight elementor-widget elementor-widget-animated-headline\" data-id=\"dc0a142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;marker&quot;:&quot;underline_zigzag&quot;,&quot;highlighted_text&quot;:&quot;reconfigurant l&#039;action publique&quot;,&quot;headline_style&quot;:&quot;highlight&quot;,&quot;highlight_animation_duration&quot;:1200}\" data-widget_type=\"animated-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">Une politique publique<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-wrapper elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-text elementor-headline-text-active\">reconfigurant l'action publique<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ede7d62\" data-id=\"ede7d62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e1223 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59e1223\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun est une politique publique \u00e9mergente qui redessine le paysage des politiques publiques de transport.<\/p><p>Bien plus qu\u2019une simple transformation tarifaire, ce choix bouleverse la fabrique des politiques publiques de transport, en mettant par exemple en lumi\u00e8re la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p><p>Cette politique publique interroge aussi le caract\u00e8re social des transports en pointant notamment le non-recours.<\/p><p>Elle remet ainsi en cause le mode de comptage de la fr\u00e9quentation et le contrat avec l\u2019op\u00e9rateur de transport. De plus, elle questionne directement le financement des transports.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9b42b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9b42b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08562b7\" data-id=\"08562b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c710b elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"10c710b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/03\/6crcvexyr6u-1024x683.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"people in bus\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item elementor-animated-item--grow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tContact\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item elementor-animated-item--grow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCliquer ici\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9tudier la gratuit\u00e9 des transports en commun Notre questionnement Longtemps per\u00e7ue comme une mesure marginale et limit\u00e9e \u00e0 certains petits r\u00e9seaux de transport, la gratuit\u00e9 totale des transports en commun se d\u00e9veloppe depuis les ann\u00e9es 2000 vers des r\u00e9seaux de plus en grands tels qu\u2019Aubagne en 2009 et Dunkerque en 2018. Depuis fin 2023, la&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":true,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"fullwidth","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"unboxed","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"hide","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2168","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2168","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2168"}],"version-history":[{"count":88,"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2168\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2959,"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2168\/revisions\/2959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.msh-lse.fr\/tc-gratuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}